Ethical Dilemmas in the Criminal Justice System Essay

Ethical Dilemma’s within the Criminal Justice System Ethical Dilemmas within the Criminal Justice System No matter what job you have in the criminal justice system there will always be ethical dilemmas that arise. As a person who’s job is to enforce the law there is always a way to step over the boundaries whether it be unfair treatment to citizens, inmates or agencies. There is always areas of the career to consider and in order to make everyone happy there are steps that need to be taken. From the police officer on the street to the parole board there is always something that could come up which could have consequences for either decision so which is the right one? The Parole Board. Overcrowding can cause many issues within†¦show more content†¦We already know that overcrowding can cause many issues that could be lifelong like diseases and health that it would be best that those who are nonviolent be let out with their families. Also, when time comes those who are violent and have shown a great improvement with classes and skills then they will be allowed out before t heir sentence ends. This gives the violent offenders a chance to do good while they are serving their sentence. Broadening the parole eligibility will make the advocates happy as well as save money for the state/prisons. The Warden As the Warden, William has a very tough job. He is in charge of everyone in the prison and now a days â€Å"focus has shifted to ensuring the safety and security of the community, staff, and inmates† (Ruddell, 2008). Now that the budget was cut, William believes that an off-site work release program would be beneficial in making sure the prison isn’t as crowded all the time. Staffing has become an issue and the union representative wants to know how the warden intents to ensure the safety of the officers. The ethical question here is what should he do in order to make sure his staff is safe. The warden is motivated by the fact that he does not want to lose officers due to them feeling threatened. Therefore something needs to be done to ensure they will stick around and do their job without being harmed. As theShow MoreRelatedArticle Analysis of Former Sheriff Guilty in Successors Killing929 Words   |  4 PagesDescribe Dilemma: What was the ethical dilemma the profe ssional faced? Given the information provided in the article, Former Sheriff Guilty in Successors Killing the most profound ethical dilemma faced by the involved criminal justice professionals is the decision to develop a plea for the actual perpetrators of the crime that allowed immunity upon testifying against the mastermind of the plot to kill the newly elected sheriff. Given the history of the ousted sheriff, Sidney Dorsey there is aRead MorePlea Bargains : Criminal Justice System1510 Words   |  7 PagesIn the United States today, plea bargains are the way in which the majority of the criminal court cases get resolved. â€Å"Plea bargains are extraordinarily common in the American legal system, accounting for roughly 90% of all criminal cases. Many countries, however, do not allow plea bargains, considering them unethical or immoral† (â€Å"Plea Bargains: In Depth†). A plea bargain is an agreement that is made in a criminal case between the prosecutor and the defendant; norm ally, the defendant pleads guiltyRead MoreCorrelation Between The Police Shooting And The Violent Crime Essay1504 Words   |  7 Pagesblacks are more likely to be shot by the police as opposed to the unarmed white counterparts (Kindy et al., 2016). 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Effects Of Alcohol Abuse On Elderly People - 919 Words

Consuming alcoholic beverages affects almost every cell, organ, and tissue in the body. This is especially true for seniors who are especially vulnerable to its toxic effects. It is common for elderly people to have impaired immunity and metabolism. Alcohol abuse is more likely to create new health problems or aggravate some of the health conditions that they already have (Nadkarni, Acosta, Rodriguez, Prince, Ferri, 2011). Older people may not realize that their current pattern of heavy drinking may be detrimental or dangerous because even low levels of alcohol consumption can cause a potential health risk especially in elderly people (Nadkarni, Acosta, Rodriguez, Prince, Ferri, 2011). Also, alcohol abuse can be complicated when seniors take prescription and over-the-counter medications which when combined can frequently result in major adverse reactions. Ulcers, malnutrition, diabetes, nephron loss, osteoarthritis and loss of bone density, obesity, and nutritional deficiencies are just a few of the physical effects of alcohol abuse in older people (Dawoodi De Sousa, 2012). Alcohol abuse by elderly individuals for 5 years or more increases the risk of having psychiatric problems such as dementia, excluding Alzheimer’s disease (Nadkarni, Acosta, Rodriguez, Prince, Ferri, 2011). But, the most common health problem associated with alcoholism is liver toxicity which occurs when the liver is no longer able to metabolize ethanol (Dawoodi De Sousa, 2012). Alcohol abuseShow MoreRelatedSubstance Abuse Among The Elderly1473 Words   |  6 Pageswithin the elderly population is that of substance abuse as it pertains to the increasing numbers of substance abusers, and/or the increasing rates of substance abuse among the elderly population. 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A Game of Thrones Chapter Forty-four Free Essays

string(107) " no one came forward, so he gave this Yoren his pick of the king’s dungeons and sent him on his way\." Sansa He wouldn’t send Ser Loras,† Sansa told Jeyne Poole that night as they shared a cold supper by lamplight. â€Å"I think it was because of his leg.† Lord Eddard had taken his supper in his bedchamber with Alyn, Harwin, and Vayon Poole, the better to rest his broken leg, and Septa Mordane had complained of sore feet after standing in the gallery all day. We will write a custom essay sample on A Game of Thrones Chapter Forty-four or any similar topic only for you Order Now Arya was supposed to join them, but she was late coming back from her dancing lesson. â€Å"His leg?† Jeyne said uncertainly. She was a pretty, dark-haired girl of Sansa’s own age. â€Å"Did Ser Loras hurt his leg?† â€Å"Not his leg,† Sansa said, nibbling delicately at a chicken leg. â€Å"Father’s leg, silly. It hurts him ever so much, it makes him cross. Otherwise I’m certain he would have sent Ser Loras.† Her father’s decision still bewildered her. When the Knight of Flowers had spoken up, she’d been sure she was about to see one of Old Nan’s stories come to life. Ser Gregor was the monster and Ser Loras the true hero who would slay him. He even looked a true hero, so slim and beautiful, with golden roses around his slender waist and his rich brown hair tumbling down into his eyes. And then Father had refused him! It had upset her more than she could tell. She had said as much to Septa Mordane as they descended the stairs from the gallery, but the septa had only told her it was not her place to question her lord father’s decisions. That was when Lord Baelish had said, â€Å"Oh, I don’t know, Septa. Some of her lord father’s decisions could do with a bit of questioning. The young lady is as wise as she is lovely.† He made a sweeping bow to Sansa, so deep she was not quite sure if she was being complimented or mocked. Septa Mordane had been very upset to realize that Lord Baelish had overheard them. â€Å"The girl was just talking, my lord,† she’d said. â€Å"Foolish chatter. She meant nothing by the comment.† Lord Baelish stroked his little pointed beard and said, â€Å"Nothing? Tell me, child, why would you have sent Ser Loras?† Sansa had no choice but to explain about heroes and monsters. The king’s councillor smiled. â€Å"Well, those are not the reasons I’d have given, but . . . † He had touched her cheek, his thumb lightly tracing the line of a cheekbone. â€Å"Life is not a song, sweetling. You may learn that one day to your sorrow.† Sansa did not feel like telling all that to Jeyne, however; it made her uneasy just to think back on it. â€Å"Ser Ilyn’s the King’s Justice, not Ser Loras,† Jcyne said. â€Å"Lord Eddard should have sent him.† Sansa shuddered. Every time she looked at Ser Ilyn Payne, she shivered. He made her feel as though something dead were slithering over her naked skin. â€Å"Ser Ilyn’s almost like a second monster. I’m glad Father didn’t pick him.† â€Å"Lord Beric is as much a hero as Ser Loras. He’s ever so brave and gallant.† â€Å"I suppose,† Sansa said doubtfully. Beric Dondarrion was handsome enough, but he was awfully old, almost twenty-two; the Knight of Flowers would have been much better. Of course, Jeyne had been in love with Lord Beric ever since she had first glimpsed him in the lists. Sansa thought she was being silly; Jeyne was only a steward’s daughter, after all, and no matter how much she mooned after him, Lord Beric would never look at someone so far beneath him, even if she hadn’t been half his age. It would have been unkind to say so, however, so Sansa took a sip of milk and changed the subject. â€Å"I had a dream that Joffrey would be the one to take the white hart,† she said. It had been more of a wish, actually, but it sounded better to call it a dream. Everyone knew that dreams were prophetic. White harts were supposed to be very rare and magical, and in her heart she knew her gallant prince was worthier than his drunken father. â€Å"A dream? Truly? Did Prince Joffrey just go up to it and touch it with his bare hand and do it no harm?† â€Å"No,† Sansa said. â€Å"He shot it with a golden arrow and brought it back for me.† In the songs, the knights never killed magical beasts, they just went up to them and touched them and did them no harm, but she knew Joffrey liked hunting, especially the killing part. Only animals, though. Sansa was certain her prince had no part in murdering Jory and those other poor men; that had been his wicked uncle, the Kingslayer. She knew her father was still angry about that, but it wasn’t fair to blame Joff. That would be like blaming her for something that Arya had done. â€Å"I saw your sister this afternoon,† Jeyne blurted out, as if she’d been reading Sansa’s thoughts. â€Å"She was walking through the stables on her hands. Why would she do a thing like that?† â€Å"I’m sure I don’t know why Arya does anything.† Sansa hated stables, smelly places full of manure and flies. Even when she went riding, she liked the boy to saddle the horse and bring it to her in the yard. â€Å"Do you want to hear about the court or not?† â€Å"I do,† Jeyne said. â€Å"There was a black brother,† Sansa said, â€Å"begging men for the Wall, only he was kind of old and smelly.† She hadn’t liked that at all. She had always imagined the Night’s Watch to be men like Uncle Benjen. In the songs, they were called the black knights of the Wall. But this man had been crookbacked and hideous, and he looked as though he might have lice. If this was what the Night’s Watch was truly like, she felt sorry for her bastard half brother, Jon. â€Å"Father asked if there were any knights in the hall who would do honor to their houses by taking the black, but no one came forward, so he gave this Yoren his pick of the king’s dungeons and sent him on his way. You read "A Game of Thrones Chapter Forty-four" in category "Essay examples" And later these two brothers came before him, freeriders from the Dornish Marches, and pledged their swords to the service of the king. Father accepted their oaths . . . â€Å" Jeyne yawned. â€Å"Are there any lemon cakes?† Sansa did not like being interrupted, but she had to admit, lemon cakes sounded more interesting than most of what had gone on in the throne room. â€Å"Let’s see,† she said. The kitchen yielded no lemon cakes, but they did find half of a cold strawberry pie, and that was almost as good. They ate it on the tower steps, giggling and gossiping and sharing secrets, and Sansa went to bed that night feeling almost as wicked as Arya. The next morning she woke before first light and crept sleepily to her window to watch Lord Beric form up his men. They rode out as dawn was breaking over the city, with three banners going before them; the crowned stag of the king flew from the high staff, the direwolf of Stark and Lord Beric’s own forked lightning standard from shorter poles. It was all so exciting, a song come to life; the clatter of swords, the flicker of torchlight, banners dancing in the wind, horses snorting and whinnying, the golden glow of sunrise slanting through the bars of the portcullis as it jerked upward. The Winterfell men looked especially fine in their silvery mail and long grey cloaks. Alyn carried the Stark banner. When she saw him rein in beside Lord Beric to exchange words, it made Sansa feel ever so proud. Alyn was handsomer than Jory had been; he was going to be a knight one day. The Tower of the Hand seemed so empty after they left that Sansa was even pleased to see Arya when she went down to break her fast. â€Å"Where is everyone?† her sister wanted to know as she ripped the skin from a blood orange. â€Å"Did Father send them to hunt down Jaime Lannister?† Sansa sighed. â€Å"They rode with Lord Beric, to behead Ser Gregor Clegane.† She turned to Septa Mordane, who was eating porridge with a wooden spoon. â€Å"Septa, will Lord Beric spike Ser Gregor’s head on his own gate or bring it back here for the king?† She and Jeyne Poole had been arguing over that last night. The septa was horror-struck. â€Å"A lady does not discuss such things over her porridge. Where are your courtesies, Sansa? I swear, of late you’ve been near as bad as your sister.† â€Å"What did Gregor do?† Arya asked. â€Å"He burned down a holdfast and murdered a lot of people, women and children too.† Arya screwed up her face in a scowl. â€Å"Jaime Lannister murdered Jory and Heward and Wyl, and the Hound murdered Mycah. Somebody should have beheaded them.† â€Å"It’s not the same,† Sansa said. â€Å"The Hound is Joffrey’s sworn shield. Your butcher’s boy attacked the prince.† â€Å"Liar,† Arya said. Her hand clenched the blood orange so hard that red juice oozed between her fingers. â€Å"Go ahead, call me all the names you want,† Sansa said airily. â€Å"You won’t dare when I’m married to Joffrey. You’ll have to bow to me and call me Your Grace.† She shrieked as Arya flung the orange across the table. It caught her in the middle of the forehead with a wet squish and plopped down into her lap. â€Å"You have juice on your face, Your Grace,† Arya said. It was running down her nose and stinging her eyes. Sansa wiped it away with a napkin. When she saw what the fruit in her lap had done to her beautiful ivory silk dress, she shrieked again. â€Å"You’re horrible,† she screamed at her sister. â€Å"They should have killed you instead of Lady!† Septa Mordane came lurching to her feet. â€Å"Your lord father will hear of this! Go to your chambers, at once. At once!† â€Å"Me too?† Tears welled in Sansa’s eyes. â€Å"That’s not fair.† â€Å"The matter is not subject to discussion. Go!† Sansa stalked away with her head up. She was to be a queen, and queens did not cry. At least not where people could see. When she reached her bedchamber, she barred the door and took off her dress. The blood orange had left a blotchy red stain on the silk. â€Å"I hate her!† she screamed. She balled up the dress and flung it into the cold hearth, on top of the ashes of last night’s fire. When she saw that the stain had bled through onto her underskirt, she began to sob despite herself. She ripped off the rest of her clothes wildly, threw herself into bed, and cried herself back to sleep. It was midday when Septa Mordane knocked upon her door. â€Å"Sansa. Your lord father will see you now.† Sansa sat up. â€Å"Lady,† she whispered. For a moment it was as if the direwolf was there in the room, looking at her with those golden eyes, sad and knowing. She had been dreaming, she realized. Lady was with her, and they were running together, and . . . and . . . trying to remember was like trying to catch the rain with her fingers. The dream faded, and Lady was dead again. â€Å"Sansa.† The rap came again, sharply. â€Å"Do you hear me?† â€Å"Yes, Septa,† she called out. â€Å"Might I have a moment to dress, please?† Her eyes were red from crying, but she did her best to make herself beautiful. Lord Eddard was bent over a huge leather-bound book when Septa Mordane marched her into the solar, his plaster-wrapped leg stiff beneath the table. â€Å"Come here, Sansa,† he said, not unkindly, when the septa had gone for her sister. â€Å"Sit beside me.† He closed the book. Septa Mordane returned with Arya squirming in her grasp. Sansa had put on a lovely pale green damask gown and a look of remorse, but her sister was still wearing the ratty leathers and roughspun she’d worn at breakfast. â€Å"Here is the other one,† the septa announced. â€Å"My thanks, Septa Mordane. I would talk to my daughters alone, if you would be so kind.† The septa bowed and left. â€Å"Arya started it,† Sansa said quickly, anxious to have the first word. â€Å"She called me a liar and threw an orange at me and spoiled my dress, the ivory silk, the one Queen Cersei gave me when I was betrothed to Prince Joffrey. She hates that I’m going to marry the prince. She tries to spoil everything, Father, she can’t stand for anything to be beautiful or nice or splendid.† â€Å"Enough, Sansa.† Lord Eddard’s voice was sharp with impatience. Arya raised her eyes. â€Å"I’m sorry, Father. I was wrong and I beg my sweet sister’s forgiveness.† Sansa was so startled that for a moment she was speechless. Finally she found her voice. â€Å"What about my dress?† â€Å"Maybe . . . I could wash it,† Arya said doubtfully. â€Å"Washing won’t do any good,† Sansa said. â€Å"Not if you scrubbed all day and all night. The silk is ruined.† â€Å"Then I’ll . . . make you a new one,† Arya said. Sansa threw back her head in disdain. â€Å"You? You couldn’t sew a dress fit to clean the pigsties.† Their father sighed. â€Å"I did not call you here to talk of dresses. I’m sending you both back to Winterfell.† For the second time Sansa found herself too stunned for words. She felt her eyes grow moist again. â€Å"You can’t,† Arya said. â€Å"Please, Father,† Sansa managed at last. â€Å"Please don’t.† Eddard Stark favored his daughters with a tired smile. â€Å"At last we’ve found something you agree on.† â€Å"I didn’t do anything wrong,† Sansa pleaded with him. â€Å"I don’t want to go back.† She loved Mng’s Landing; the pagaentry of the court, the high lords and ladies in their velvets and silks and gemstones, the great city with all its people. The tournament had been the most magical time of her whole life, and there was so much she had not seen yet, harvest feasts and masked balls and mummer shows. She could not bear the thought of losing it all. â€Å"Send Arya away, she started it, Father, I swear it. I’ll be good, you’ll see, just let me stay and I promise to be as fine and noble and courteous as the queen.† Father’s mouth twitched strangely. â€Å"Sansa, I’m not sending you away for fighting, though the gods know I’m sick of you two squabbling. I want you back in Winterfell for your own safety. Three of my men were cut down like dogs not a league from where we sit, and what does Robert do? He goes hunting.† Arya was chewing at her lip in that disgusting way she had. â€Å"Can we take Syrio back with us?† â€Å"Who cares about your stupid dancing master?† Sansa flared. â€Å"Father, I only just now remembered, I can’t go away, I’m to marry Prince Joffrey.† She tried to smile bravely for him. â€Å"I love him, Father, I truly truly do, I love him as much as Queen Naerys loved Prince Aemon the Dragonknight, as much as Jonquil loved Ser Florian. I want to be his queen and have his babies.† â€Å"Sweet one,† her father said gently, â€Å"listen to me. When you’re old enough, I will make you a match with a high lord who’s worthy of you, someone brave and gentle and strong. This match with Joffrey was a terrible mistake. That boy is no Prince Aemon, you must believe me.† â€Å"He is!† Sansa insisted. â€Å"I don’t want someone brave and gentle, I want him. We’ll be ever so happy, just like in the songs, you’ll see. I’ll give him a son with golden hair, and one day he’ll be the king of all the realm, the greatest king that ever was, as brave as the wolf and as proud as the lion.† Arya made a face. â€Å"Not if Joffrey’s his father,† she said. â€Å"He’s a liar and a craven and anyhow he’s a stag, not a lion.† Sansa felt tears in her eyes. â€Å"He is not! He’s not the least bit like that old drunken king,† she screamed at her sister, forgetting herself in her grief. Father looked at her strangely. â€Å"Gods,† he swore softly, â€Å"out of the mouth of babes . . . † He shouted for Septa Mordane. To the girls he said, â€Å"I am looking for a fast trading galley to take you home. These days, the sea is safer than the kingsroad. You will sail as soon as I can find a proper ship, with Septa Mordane and a complement of guards . . . and yes, with Syrio Forel, if he agrees to enter my service. But say nothing of this. It’s better if no one knows of our plans. We’ll talk again tomorrow.† Sansa cried as Septa Mordane marched them down the steps. They were going to take it all away; the tournaments and the court and her prince, everything, they were going to send her back to the bleak grey walls of Winterfell and lock her up forever. Her life was over before it had begun. â€Å"Stop that weeping, child,† Septa Mordane said sternly. â€Å"I am certain your lord father knows what is best for you.† â€Å"It won’t be so bad, Sansa,† Arya said. â€Å"We’re going to sail on a galley. It will be an adventure, and then we’ll be with Bran and Robb again, and Old Nan and Hodor and the rest.† She touched her on the arm. â€Å"Hodor!† Sansa yelled. â€Å"You ought to marry Hodor, you’re just like him, stupid and hairy and ugly!† She wrenched away from her sister’s hand, stormed into her bedchamber, and barred the door behind her. How to cite A Game of Thrones Chapter Forty-four, Essay examples

Business Ethics - China

Question: Describe about the Business Ethics in China? Answer: About China China has been referred to as a country which has overcome from the global down which took place in the year 2008. After the global melt down, the Chinese economy has frown by 9.2%. The FDI of China has risen by more than 16%, touching $95 billion in the year 2010. Due to the financial crisis, China has earned high levels of benefits from Fixed Assets (FA) which has led to a considerable decrease in the net exports High economic growth in the Chinese urban markets has led to high levels of growth in the consumer market for the various high end goods various services such as travel tourism, education. Market Challenges One of the major market challenges seen in the Chinese market can be seen in regards to lack of predictability in the Chinese business environment. The Chinese legal regulatory system is referred to be as transparent, opaque inconsistent. Second market challenge seen in the Chinese market is that, in some sectors of the economy is known as mercantilist due to its export growth model. The last market challenge seen in the Chinese market is that, it retains majority of the apparatus of the planned economy along with the five year plans i.e. setting targets, goals strategies. Market Opportunities The market opportunity shall be seen in the Chinese economy by understanding the capabilities of the firm as well as have in depth knowledge of the same. Other market opportunity which is evident in the Chinese economy is in regards to its contribution in education tourism industry is increasing day by day. Last market opportunity seen in the Chines economy is in regards to the growth of imports in the various sectors such as machinery, transportation, construction, chemicals range of other services which makes China a viable market for products and services. Market Entry Strategy Some of the market entry strategies which can be used to enter in the Chinese market: Joint venture Open an office Due Diligence Professional service Use a distributor Licensing Franchising Direct Marketing Culture of China In order to have improved international relations, government reforms expand the economy doing business in the Chinese economy is a lucrative affair. In order to perform business in the Chinese market, business people will be in contact with the Chinese people and officials. It has been said that, people doing business in China will learn more about areas such as business etiquette, business protocol, negotiation techniques, business culture so as to make the maximum of the business trip. Important key areas while doing business in China Some of the important key areas which shall be kept in mind while doing business in China have been listed as under: Meeting greeting: In China, meeting greeting start by shaking hands with a slight nod of the head. One should not be vigorous while shaking hands as it would be referred as aggressive by the Chinese people. Face: While doing business in China, one must learn the subtleties of the concept and understand the possible impact one could have on doing the business in China. Confucianism: While practicing business in China, one shall see how Confucianism affects the business practices of Chinese economy. Political Legal factors The study of political legal system in any economy is complex and extensive. The political system refers to the system of politics government plying to the country. It takes into consideration various set of rules regulations, attitudes, etc. While assessing any business option, some of the risk factors which shall be kept in mind by nay business professional are as follows: How stable is the government of that particular country If the new party comes into practice, will the rules of doing business change? Is it democracy or dictatorship What is the level of involvement of the government in the private sector? The transparency levels of political, legal and economic in the decision making process. Whether there is a well established legal environment to enforce policies rules. Whether the power lies in the hands of few people or has a constitution for the same. Government intervention in Trade The government intervention in trade can be used to manage trade create rules and regulations to manage trade in an effective manner. Tariff Import quotas Export financing Administrative policies Currency control Subsidies Local content requirements Free trade zone Differences in finance and banking system between China US China is under going through a lifetime experience of transferring power and other things smoothly It has been seen that, banks operating in China do not know how to operate in the foreign markets such as the US. They lack the manpower to staff the branches operating in Us and assess credit risk.in order to build such capabilities China will take a very long time Industrial Commercial Bank of China is referred to as the worlds most profitable lender, but in reality it deals on 80% of the US unit of Bank of East Asia. Though Banks operating in Chin are huge profitable but it is not clear whether they are as strong as the Banks in US. In order to act as big as the US bank, China has to fall out from the $3 trillion loans which they have put in the Chinese economy following the financial crises. There is a backlash against the Chinas banks which limit both, the growth force them to lend money domestically to the private sector entrepreneurs. Rules in International Business Ethics Rule1: If you try to understand the various values of various different culture, come common points can be fetched easilyRule2: Based on the analysis of the facts, the business men will realize that honesty reliability will benefit you in the long runRule 3: Based upon the analysis of the case studies, the business men will realize the benefits of fair play.Rule4: Rule number 4 states that, loyal dissent will lead the economy to the right direction.Rule5: Reducing the labor force is the one and only way of respecting the stakeholdersRule6: In order to establish the brand name, one should act as a fair competitor. Rule7: If the business acts against discrimination, it will help to increase the productivity along with profitability.Rule8: Protection of the intellectual property will help the stakeholders to receive their due share.Rule9: The economic achievements will stand on the ground if corruption is diminished.Rule10: Ongoing changes in the information technology requires new for m of loyaltyRule11: In order to have long tern success, constant care to the environment shall be practiced.Rule12: The public relations strategy will secure the reputation if and only if it witnesses high levels of quality and excellence. Rule13In order to become a refined player in the global market one shall cultivate good manners sharpen its skill. Rule14:Utmost care for business will lead to care of the society in the long run. References Ambler, T., Witzel, M. (2000). Doing business in China. London: Rutledge.Li, J. (2001). Managing international business ventures in China. Amsterdam: Pergamum.Tian, X. (2007). Managing international business in China. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.